1、AWK简介AWK是一种处理文本文件的语言，是一个强大的文本分析工具。2、AWK语法awk[选项参数]'script'var=valuefile(s)或awk[选项参数]-fscriptfilevar=valuefile(s)123选项参数的说明：-Ffsor–field-separatorfs指定输入文件折分隔符，fs是一个字符串或者是一个正则表达式，如-F:-vvar=valueor–asignvar=value赋值一个用户定义变量。-fscripfileor–filescriptfile从脚本文件中读取awk命令。-mfnnnand-mrnnn对nnn值设置内在限制，-mf选项限制分配给nnn的最大块数目；-mr选项限制记录的最大数目。这两个功能是Bell实验室版awk的扩展功能，在标准awk中不适用。-Wcompactor–compat,-Wtraditionalor–traditional在兼容模式下运行awk。所以gawk的行为和标准的awk完全一样，所有的awk扩展都被忽略。-Wcopyleftor–copyleft,-Wcopyrightor–copyright打印简短的版权信息。-Whelpor–help,-Wusageor–usage打印全部awk选项和每个选项的简短说明。-Wlintor–lint打印不能向传统unix平台移植的结构的警告。-Wlint-oldor–lint-old打印关于不能向传统unix平台移植的结构的警告。-Wposix打开兼容模式。但有以下限制，不识别：/x、函数关键字、func、换码序列以及当fs是一个空格时，将新行作为一个域分隔符；操作符和=不能代替和=；fflush无效。-Wre-intervalor–re-inerval允许间隔正则表达式的使用，参考(grep中的Posix字符类)，如括号表达式[[:alpha:]]。-Wsourceprogram-textor–sourceprogram-text使用program-text作为源代码，可与-f命令混用。-Wversionor–version打印bug报告信息的版本。3、基本用法一段文本：cion.txtgold11986USAAmericanEaglegold11908Austria-HungaryFranzjosef100Koronasilver101981USAingotgold11984Switzerlandingotgold11979RSAKrugerrandgold0.51981RSAKrugerrandgold0.11986PRCPandasilver11986USALibertydollargold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiecesilver11986USALiberty50-centpiecesilver11987USAConstitutiondollargold0.251987USAConstitution5-dollarpiecegold11988CanadaMapleleaf打印cion.txt文本[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{print}'cions.txtgold11986USAAmericanEaglegold11908Austria-HungaryFranzjosef100Koronasilver101981USAingotgold11984Switzerlandingotgold11979RSAKrugerrandgold0.51981RSAKrugerrandgold0.11986PRCPandasilver11986USALibertydollargold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiecesilver11986USALiberty50-centpiecesilver11987USAConstitutiondollargold0.251987USAConstitution5-dollarpiecegold11988CanadaMapleleaf打印1,2,3行的数据[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{print$1,$2,$3}'cions.txtgold11986gold11908silver101981gold11984gold11979gold0.51981gold0.11986silver11986gold0.251986silver11986silver11987gold0.251987gold11988record:横行field：竖行NRNFN表示number[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{printNR"\t"$0}'cions.txt1gold11986USAAmericanEagle2gold11908Austria-HungaryFranzjosef100Korona3silver101981USAingot4gold11984Switzerlandingot5gold11979RSAKrugerrand6gold0.51981RSAKrugerrand7gold0.11986PRCPanda8silver11986USALibertydollar9gold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiece10silver11986USALiberty50-centpiece11silver11987USAConstitutiondollar12gold0.251987USAConstitution5-dollarpiece13gold11988CanadaMapleleaf[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{printNF"\t"$0}'cions.txt6gold11986USAAmericanEagle8gold11908Austria-HungaryFranzjosef100Korona5silver101981USAingot5gold11984Switzerlandingot5gold11979RSAKrugerrand5gold0.51981RSAKrugerrand5gold0.11986PRCPanda6silver11986USALibertydollar7gold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiece7silver11986USALiberty50-centpiece6silver11987USAConstitutiondollar7gold0.251987USAConstitution5-dollarpiece6gold11988CanadaMapleleaf年份是1986的就会输出[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'$3==1986{print$0}'cions.txt#年份是1986的就会输出gold11986USAAmericanEaglegold0.11986PRCPandasilver11986USALibertydollargold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiecesilver11986USALiberty50-centpiece[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'$1=="gold"{print$0}'cions.txt#gold是字符串，需要加上""gold11986USAAmericanEaglegold11908Austria-HungaryFranzjosef100Koronagold11984Switzerlandingotgold11979RSAKrugerrandgold0.51981RSAKrugerrandgold0.11986PRCPandagold0.251986USALiberty5-dollarpiecegold0.251987USAConstitution5-dollarpiecegold11988CanadaMapleleafawk输入输出[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{print$1,$2}'helloworldhelloworldabcdefab[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'{print$2,$1}'helloworldworldhelloabcdba[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'BEGIN{FS=","}{print$1,$2}'#输入分隔符,通过分隔符来判断是第几段helloworld123456helloworld123456hello,wrold123,456hellowrold123hello,wrold,123,456hellowrold[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'BEGIN{OFS=","}{print$1,$2}'#输出分隔符hellowrold123456hello,wrold[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'BEGIN{FS=",";OFS=","}{print$1,$2}'#输入分隔符输出分隔符都为","hello,world,123,456hello,world[root@Pengfeitest02]#awk'BEGIN{FS="1234";OFS="\t****"}{print$1,$2}'#输入时为1234，输出时为****helloworld12345678helohelloworld****5678helohelloworld123445678helohelloworld****45678helo打印九九乘法表：seq9|sed'H;g'|awk-vRS='''{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)printf("%dx%d=%d%s",i,NR,i*NR,i==NR?"\n":"\t")}'[root@Pengfeitest02]#seq9|sed'H;g'|awk-vRS='''{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++)printf("%dx%d=%d%s",i,NR,i*NR,i==NR?"\n":"\t")}'1x1=11x2=22x2=41x3=32x3=63x3=91x4=42x4=83x4=124x4=161x5=52x5=103x5=154x5=205x5=251x6=62x6=123x6=184x6=245x6=306x6=361x7=72x7=143x7=214x7=285x7=356x7=427x7=491x8=82x8=163x8=244x8=325x8=406x8=487x8=568x8=641x9=92x9=183x9=274x9=365x9=456x9=547x9=638x9=729x9=81