FromStanfordReport,June14,2005ThisisthetextoftheCommencementaddressbySteveJobs,CEOofAppleComputerandofPixarAnimationStudiosDeliveredonJune12,2005.Iamhonoredtobewithyoutodayatyourcommencementfromoneofthefinestuniversitiesintheworld.Inevergraduatedfromcollege.Truthbetold,thisistheclosestI'veevergottentoacollegegraduation.TodayIwanttotellyouthreestoriesfrommylife.That'sit.Nobigdeal.Justthreestories.Thefirststoryisaboutconnectingthedots.IdroppedoutofReedCollegeafterthefirst6months,butthenstayedaroundasadrop-inforanother18monthsorsobeforeIreallyquit.SowhydidIdropout?ItstartedbeforeIwasborn.Mybiologicalmotherwasayoung,unwedcollegegraduatestudent,andshedecidedtoputmeupforadoption.ShefeltverystronglythatIshouldbeadoptedbycollegegraduates,soeverythingwasallsetformetobeadoptedatbirthbyalawyerandhiswife.ExceptthatwhenIpoppedouttheydecidedatthelastminutethattheyreallywantedagirl.Somyparents,whowereonawaitinglist,gotacallinthemiddleofthenightasking:"Wehaveanunexpectedbabyboy;doyouwanthim?"Theysaid:"Ofcourse."Mybiologicalmotherlaterfoundoutthatmymotherhadnevergraduatedfromcollegeandthatmyfatherhadnevergraduatedfromhighschool.Sherefusedtosignthefinaladoptionpapers.SheonlyrelentedafewmonthslaterwhenmyparentspromisedthatIwouldsomedaygotocollege.And17yearslaterIdidgotocollege.ButInaivelychoseacollegethatwasalmostasexpensiveasStanford,andallofmyworking-classparents'savingswerebeingspentonmycollegetuition.Aftersixmonths,Icouldn'tseethevalueinit.IhadnoideawhatIwantedtodowithmylifeandnoideahowcollegewasgoingtohelpmefigureitout.AndhereIwasspendingallofthemoneymyparentshadsavedtheirentirelife.SoIdecidedtodropoutandtrustthatitwouldallworkoutOK.Itwasprettyscaryatthetime,butlookingbackitwasoneofthebestdecisionsIevermade.TheminuteIdroppedoutIcouldstoptakingtherequiredclassesthatdidn'tinterestme,andbegindroppinginontheonesthatlookedinteresting.Itwasn'tallromantic.Ididn'thaveadormroom,soIsleptonthefloorinfriends'rooms,Ireturnedcokebottlesforthe5￠depositstobuyfoodwith,andIwouldwalkthe7milesacrosstowneverySundaynighttogetonegoodmealaweekattheHareKrishnatemple.Ilovedit.AndmuchofwhatIstumbledintobyfollowingmycuriosityandintuitionturnedouttobepricelesslateron.Letmegiveyouoneexample:ReedCollegeatthattimeofferedperhapsthebestcalligraphyinstructioninthecountry.Throughoutthecampuseveryposter,everylabeloneverydrawer,wasbeautifullyhandcalligraphed.BecauseIhaddroppedoutanddidn'thavetotakethenormalclasses,Idecidedtotakeacalligraphyclasstolearnhowtodothis.Ilearnedaboutserifandsanseriftypefaces,aboutvaryingtheamountofspacebetweendifferentlettercombinations,aboutwhatmakesgreattypographygreat.Itwasbeautiful,historical,artisticallysubtleinawaythatsciencecan'tcapture,andIfounditfascinating.Noneofthishadevenahopeofanypracticalapplicationinmylife.Buttenyearslater,whenweweredesigningthefirstMacintoshcomputer,itallcamebacktome.AndwedesigneditallintotheMac.Itwasthefirstcomputerwithbeautifultypography.IfIhadneverdroppedinonthatsinglecourseincollege,theMacwouldhaveneverhadmultipletypefacesorproportionallyspacedfonts.AndsinceWindowsjustcopiedtheMac,itslikelythatnopersonalcomputerwouldhavethem.IfIhadneverdroppedout,Iwouldhaveneverdroppedinonthiscalligraphyclass,andpersonalcomputersmightnothavethewonderfultypographythattheydo.OfcourseitwasimpossibletoconnectthedotslookingforwardwhenIwasincollege.Butitwasvery,veryclearlookingbackwardstenyearslater.Again,youcan'tconnectthedotslookingforward;youcanonlyconnectthemlookingbackwards.Soyouhavetotrustthatthedotswillsomehowconnectinyourfuture.Youhavetotrustinsomething—yourgut,destiny,life,karma,whatever.Thisapproachhasneverletmedown,andithasmadeallthedifferenceinmylife.Mysecondstoryisaboutloveandloss.Iwaslucky—IfoundwhatIlovedtodoearlyinlife.WozandIstartedAppleinmyparentsgaragewhenIwas20.Weworkedhard,andin10yearsApplehadgrownfromjustthetwoofusinagarageintoa$2billioncompanywithover4000employees.Wehadjustreleasedourfinestcreation—theMacintosh—ayearearlier,andIhadjustturned30.AndthenIgotfired.Howcanyougetfiredfromacompanyyoustarted?Well,asApplegrewwehiredsomeonewhoIthoughtwasverytalentedtorunthecompanywithme,andforthefirstyearorsothingswentwell.Butthenourvisionsofthefuturebegantodivergeandeventuallywehadafallingout.Whenwedid,ourBoardofDirectorssidedwithhim.Soat30Iwasout.Andverypubliclyout.Whathadbeenthefocusofmyentireadultlifewasgone,anditwasdevastating.Ireallydidn'tknowwhattodoforafewmonths.IfeltthatIhadletthepreviousgenerationofentrepreneursdown-thatIhaddroppedthebatonasitwasbeingpassedtome.ImetwithDavidPackardandBobNoyceandtriedtoapologizeforscrewingupsobadly.Iwasaverypublicfailure,andIeventhoughtaboutrunningawayfromthevalley.Butsomethingslowlybegantodawnonme—IstilllovedwhatIdid.TheturnofeventsatApplehadnotchangedthatonebit.Ihadbeenrejected,butIwasstillinlove.AndsoIdecidedtostartover.Ididn'tseeitthen,butitturnedoutthatgettingfiredfromApplewasthebestthingthatcouldhaveeverhappenedtome.Theheavinessofbeingsuccessfulwasreplacedbythelightnessofbeingabeginneragain,lesssureabouteverything.Itfreedmetoenteroneofthemostcreativeperiodsofmylife.Duringthenextfiveyears,IstartedacompanynamedNeXT,anothercompanynamedPixar,andfellinlovewithanamazingwomanwhowouldbecomemywife.Pixarwentontocreatetheworldsfirstcomputeranimatedfeaturefilm,ToyStory,andisnowthemostsuccessfulanimationstudiointheworld.Inaremarkableturnofevents,AppleboughtNeXT,IreturnedtoApple,andthetechnologywedevelopedatNeXTisattheheartofApple'scurrentrenaissance.AndLaureneandIhaveawonderfulfamilytogether.I'mprettysurenoneofthiswouldhavehappenedifIhadn'tbeenfiredfromApple.Itwasawfultastingmedicine,butIguessthepatientneededit.Sometimeslifehitsyouintheheadwithabrick.Don'tlosefaith.I'mconvincedthattheonlythingthatkeptmegoingwasthatIlovedwhatIdid.You'vegottofindwhatyoulove.Andthatisastrueforyourworkasitisforyourlovers.Yourworkisgoingtofillalargepartofyourlife,andtheonlywaytobetrulysatisfiedistodowhatyoubelieveisgreatwork.Andtheonlywaytodogreatworkistolovewhatyoudo.Ifyouhaven'tfoundityet,keeplooking.Don'tsettle.Aswithallmattersoftheheart,you'llknowwhenyoufindit.And,likeanygreatrelationship,itjustgetsbetterandbetterastheyearsrollon.Sokeeplookinguntilyoufindit.Don'tsettle.Mythirdstoryisaboutdeath.WhenIwas17,Ireadaquotethatwentsomethinglike:"Ifyouliveeachdayasifitwasyourlast,somedayyou'llmostcertainlyberight."Itmadeanimpressiononme,andsincethen,forthepast33years,Ihavelookedinthemirroreverymorningandaskedmyself:"Iftodaywerethelastdayofmylife,wouldIwanttodowhatIamabouttodotoday?"Andwhenevertheanswerhasbeen"No"fortoomanydaysinarow,IknowIneedtochangesomething.RememberingthatI'llbedeadsoonisthemostimportanttoolI'veeverencounteredtohelpmemakethebigchoicesinlife.Becausealmosteverything—allexternalexpectations,allpride,allfearofembarrassmentorfailure-thesethingsjustfallawayinthefaceofdeath,leavingonlywhatistrulyimportant.RememberingthatyouaregoingtodieisthebestwayIknowtoavoidthetrapofthinkingyouhavesomethingtolose.Youarealreadynaked.Thereisnoreasonnottofollowyourheart.AboutayearagoIwasdiagnosedwithcancer.Ihadascanat7:30inthemorning,anditclearlyshowedatumoronmypancreas.Ididn'tevenknowwhatapancreaswas.Thedoctorstoldmethiswasalmostcertainlyatypeofcancerthatisincurable,andthatIshouldexpecttolivenolongerthanthreetosixmonths.Mydoctoradvisedmetogohomeandgetmyaffairsinorder,whichisdoctor'scodeforpreparetodie.Itmeanstotrytotellyourkidseverythingyouthoughtyou'dhavethenext10yearstotelltheminjustafewmonths.Itmeanstomakesureeverythingisbuttonedupsothatitwillbeaseasyaspossibleforyourfamily.Itmeanstosayyourgoodbyes.Ilivedwiththatdiagnosisallday.LaterthateveningIhadabiopsy,wheretheystuckanendoscopedownmythroat,throughmystomachandintomyintestines,putaneedleintomypancreasandgotafewcellsfromthetumor.Iwassedated,butmywife,whowasthere,toldmethatwhentheyviewedthecellsunderamicroscopethedoctorsstartedcryingbecauseitturnedouttobeaveryrareformofpancreaticcancerthatiscurablewithsurgery.IhadthesurgeryandI'mfinenow.ThiswastheclosestI'vebeentofacingdeath,andIhopeitstheclosestIgetforafewmoredecades.Havinglivedthroughit,Icannowsaythistoyouwithabitmorecertaintythanwhendeathwasausefulbutpurelyintellectualconcept:Noonewantstodie.Evenpeoplewhowanttogotoheavendon'twanttodietogetthere.Andyetdeathisthedestinationweallshare.Noonehaseverescapedit.Andthatisasitshouldbe,becauseDeathisverylikelythesinglebestinventionofLife.ItisLife'schangeagent.Itclearsouttheoldtomakewayforthenew.Rightnowthenewisyou,butsomedaynottoolongfromnow,youwillgraduallybecometheoldandbeclearedaway.Sorrytobesodramatic,butitisquitetrue.Yourtimeislimited,sodon'twasteitlivingsomeoneelse'slife.Don'tbetrappedbydogma—whichislivingwiththeresultsofotherpeople'sthinking.Don'tletthenoiseofothers'opinionsdrownoutyourowninnervoice.Andmostimportant,havethecouragetofollowyourheartandintuition.Theysomehowalreadyknowwhatyoutrulywanttobecome.Everythingelseissecondary.WhenIwasyoung,therewasanamazingpublicationcalledTheWholeEarthCatalog,whichwasoneofthebiblesofmygeneration.ItwascreatedbyafellownamedStewartBrandnotfarfromhereinMenloPark,andhebroughtittolifewithhispoetictouch.Thiswasinthelate1960's,beforepersonalcomputersanddesktoppublishing,soitwasallmadewithtypewriters,scissors,andpolaroidcameras.ItwassortoflikeGoogleinpaperbackform,35yearsbeforeGooglecamealong:itwasidealistic,andoverflowingwithneattoolsandgreatnotions.StewartandhisteamputoutseveralissuesofTheWholeEarthCatalog,andthenwhenithadrunitscourse,theyputoutafinalissue.Itwasthemid-1970s,andIwasyourage.Onthebackcoveroftheirfinalissuewasaphotographofanearlymorningcountryroad,thekindyoumightfindyourselfhitchhikingonifyouweresoadventurous.Beneathitwerethewords:"StayHungry.StayFoolish."Itwastheirfarewellmessageastheysignedoff.StayHungry.StayFoolish.AndIhavealwayswishedthatformyself.Andnow,asyougraduatetobeginanew,Iwishthatforyou.StayHungry.StayFoolish.Thankyouallverymuch.

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知识点通过本篇文章，你可以学到flatMap扩展函数的使用distinctBy扩展函数的使用加减操作符的使用缘起首先，我们看看用到的实体类的结构：Person接口interfacePerson{valid:Intvalname:String}Student数据类dataclassStudent(overridevalid:Int,overridevalname:String):PersonTeacher数据类dataclassTeacher(overridevalid:Int,overridevalname:String,valstudentList:List<Student>):Person我们可以看到，Teacher类和Student类都同时实现了Person接口，然后Teacher类还多了一个studentList属性。简单来说，老师和学生都是人类，然后每个老师可能会管理多个学生。那么，如果我们想要知道一共有多少人，以及每个人的id和姓名，我们可以怎么做呢？数据源原始数据如下：[{"id":1234,"name":"张老师","studentList":[{"id":2234,"name":"王麻子"},{"id":2235,"name":"狗蛋"}]},{"id":1235,"name":"李老师","studentList":[{"id":2236,"name":"赵雪梅"},{"id":2237,"name":"马冬梅"}]},{"id":1236,"name":"王老师","studentList":[{"id":2237,"name":"李华"},{"id":2238,"name":"胖虎"}]}]代码实现首先，我们将以上的json数据反序列化成List<Teacher>。valteacherList=gson.fromJson<List<Teacher>>(json,object:TypeToken<List<Teacher>>(){}.type)然后，我们就可以使用Kotlin给我们提供的flatMap扩展函数方便的转换成List<Person>这样的数据结构了。valpersonList=teacherList.flatMap{listOf(it)+it.studentList}Tips：这里我们使用了Kotlin中的加减操作符重载，实现了List+List这样的效果。源码如下：/***Returnsalistcontainingallelementsoftheoriginalcollectionandthenallelementsofthegiven[elements]collection.*/publicoperatorfun<T>Collection<T>.plus(elements:Iterable<T>):List<T>{if(elementsisCollection){valresult=ArrayList<T>(this.size+elements.size)result.addAll(this)result.addAll(elements)returnresult}else{valresult=ArrayList<T>(this)result.addAll(elements)returnresult}}拿到了personList之后，我们就可以调用personList.size获取到总人数了，遍历personList集合我们就能拿到每个人的id和姓名信息了。到这里，我们的需求似乎就已经解决了（只是使用了一个flatMap操作符？Kotlin的语法糖也太甜了吧！）代码优化可是，实际情况是同一个学生可能被多位老师所管理，那么这样拿到的数据就可能会有冗余。这个时候我们可以通过id对集合再去个重嘛~valpersonList=teacherList.flatMap{listOf(it)+it.studentList}.distinctBy{it.id}Tips：这里我们使用Kotlin给我们提供的distinctBy扩展函数，通过id进行去重处理。源码如下：/***Returnsalistcontainingonlyelementsfromthegivencollection*havingdistinctkeysreturnedbythegiven[selector]function.**Amongelementsofthegivencollectionwithequalkeys,onlythefirstonewillbepresentintheresultinglist.*Theelementsintheresultinglistareinthesameorderastheywereinthesourcecollection.**@samplesamples.collections.Collections.Transformations.distinctAndDistinctBy*/publicinlinefun<T,K>Iterable<T>.distinctBy(selector:(T)->K):List<T>{valset=HashSet<K>()vallist=ArrayList<T>()for(einthis){valkey=selector(e)if(set.add(key))list.add(e)}returnlist}如果对你有帮助的话，欢迎一键三连+关注哦~

知识点通过本篇文章，你可以学到groupBy扩展函数的使用缘起还是和之前类似的接口定义和实体类：之前的文章斯国一flatMap原来是这样用的Person接口interfacePerson{valtype

5，雅典王子忒修斯勇闯克里特岛斩杀米诺牛的时候采用了以下哪种算法？a，动态规划；b，穷举；c，记忆化搜索；d，Dijkstra算法。

andgotascholarshiptoBrownUniversity--isnowingraduateschool,studyingpublichealth,onherwaytobecomingDr.JazminPerez.例如德克萨斯州罗马市的贾斯敏佩雷兹

localhostprometheus]#ss-naltp|grep9090LISTEN0128[::]:9090[::]:*users:(("prometheus",pid=50994,fd=9))普罗米修斯软件界面

Prometheus看这个标题应该是两个玩意有一说一确实是两个东西一个是prometheus:开源监控报警系统一个是granfana:网络架构和应用分析中最流行的时序数据展示工具Prometheus是啥音译:普罗米修斯这就是这个监控的核心组件了监控和报警一体的他也有一个简单的